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Metadata: Southern Elephant Seal CTD tag data 2004 - 2013
Abstract:
For around a decade, southern elephant seals (mirounga leonina) have been used to collect hydrographic (temperature & salinity) profiles in the Southern Ocean. CTD-SRDLs (Conductivity Temperature Depth –Satellite Relayed Data Loggers) attached to seals' heads in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic locations measure water property profiles during dives and transmit data using the ARGOS (Advanced Research & Global Observation Satellite) network (Fedak 2013). CTD-SRDLs are built by the Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU, University of St Andrews, UK); they include miniaturised CTD units made by Valeport Ltd. When seals are foraging at sea 2.5 profiles can be obtained daily, on average. Profiles average 500m depth, but can be 2000m in extreme cases (Boehme et al. 2009, Roquet et al. 2011). Deployment efforts have been very intensive in the Southern Indian Ocean, with biannual campaigns in the Kerguelen Islands since 2004 and many deployments in Davis and Casey Antarctic stations (Roquet et al., 2013) more recently. 207 CTD-SRDL tags have been deployed there, giving about 75,000 hydrographic profiles in the Kerguelen Plateau area. About two thirds of the dataset was obtained between 2011 & 2013 as a consequence of intensive Australian Antarctic station deployments. There is also regular data since 2004 from French and Franco-Australian Kerguelen Island deployments. Although not included here, many CTD-SRDL tags deployed in the Kerguelen Islands included a fluorimeter. Fluorescence profiles can be used as a proxy for chlorophyll content (Guinet et al. 2013, Blain et al. 2013). Seal-derived hydrographic data have been used successfully to improve understanding of elephant seal foraging strategies and their success (Biuw et al., 2007, Bailleul, 2007). They provide detailed hydrographic observations in places and seasons with virtually no other data sources (Roquet et al. 2009, Ohshima et al. 2013, Roquet et al. 2013). Hydrographic data available in this dataset were edited using an Argo-inspired procedure and then visually. Each CTD-SRDL dataset was adjusted using several delayed-mode techniques, including a temperature offset correction and a linear-in-pressure salinity correction - described in Roquet et al. (2011). Adjusted hydrographic data have estimated accuracies of about +/-0.03oC and +/-0.05 psu (practical salinity unit). The salinity accuracy depends largely on the distribution of CTD data for any given CTD-SRDL, which decides the quality of adjustment parameters. Adjustments are best when hydrographic profiles are available in the region between the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front and the Antarctic divergence (55oS-62oS latitude range in the Southern Indian Ocean). Several institutes provided funding for the associated programs and the logistics necessary for the fieldwork. The observatory MEMO (Mammifères Echantillonneurs du Milieu Marin), funded by CNRS institutes (INSU and INEE), carried out the French contribution to the study. The project received financial and logistical support from CNES (TOSCA program), the Institut Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV), the Total Foundation and ANR. MEMO is associated with the Coriolis centre, part of the SOERE consortium CTD02 (Coriolis-temps différé Observations Océaniques, PI: G. Reverdin), which distributes real-time and delayed-mode products. The Australian contribution came from the Australian Animal Tracking and Monitoring System, an Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) facility. The work was also supported by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme via the Antarctic Climate & Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre. The University of Tasmania and Macquarie University's Animal Ethics Committees approved the animal handling. Both tagging programs are part of the MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) international consortium - an International Polar Year (IPY) project.
Data holder:
British Oceanographic Data Centre
Other details | ||
Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 8512 |
Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | Southern Elephant Seal CTD tag data 2004 - 2013 |
Alternative title | The purpose of alternative title is to record any additional names by which the dataset may be known. | British Oceanographic Data Centre record 1048SOTAGDATA |
File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | 6aac2d279f6e58f9bd66ca7c44173ae6 |
Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | EDMED6072 |
Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | dataset |
Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2004-01-01 |
End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2013-12-31 |
Spatial resolution | This describes the spatial resolution of the dataset or the spatial limitations of the service. | inapplicable |
Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | asNeeded |
Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | For around a decade, southern elephant seals (mirounga leonina) have been used to collect hydrographic (temperature & salinity) profiles in the Southern Ocean. CTD-SRDLs (Conductivity Temperature Depth –Satellite Relayed Data Loggers) attached to seals' heads in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic locations measure water property profiles during dives and transmit data using the ARGOS (Advanced Research & Global Observation Satellite) network (Fedak 2013). CTD-SRDLs are built by the Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU, University of St Andrews, UK); they include miniaturised CTD units made by Valeport Ltd. When seals are foraging at sea 2.5 profiles can be obtained daily, on average. Profiles average 500m depth, but can be 2000m in extreme cases (Boehme et al. 2009, Roquet et al. 2011). Deployment efforts have been very intensive in the Southern Indian Ocean, with biannual campaigns in the Kerguelen Islands since 2004 and many deployments in Davis and Casey Antarctic stations (Roquet et al., 2013) more recently. 207 CTD-SRDL tags have been deployed there, giving about 75,000 hydrographic profiles in the Kerguelen Plateau area. About two thirds of the dataset was obtained between 2011 & 2013 as a consequence of intensive Australian Antarctic station deployments. There is also regular data since 2004 from French and Franco-Australian Kerguelen Island deployments. Although not included here, many CTD-SRDL tags deployed in the Kerguelen Islands included a fluorimeter. Fluorescence profiles can be used as a proxy for chlorophyll content (Guinet et al. 2013, Blain et al. 2013). Seal-derived hydrographic data have been used successfully to improve understanding of elephant seal foraging strategies and their success (Biuw et al., 2007, Bailleul, 2007). They provide detailed hydrographic observations in places and seasons with virtually no other data sources (Roquet et al. 2009, Ohshima et al. 2013, Roquet et al. 2013). Hydrographic data available in this dataset were edited using an Argo-inspired procedure and then visually. Each CTD-SRDL dataset was adjusted using several delayed-mode techniques, including a temperature offset correction and a linear-in-pressure salinity correction - described in Roquet et al. (2011). Adjusted hydrographic data have estimated accuracies of about +/-0.03oC and +/-0.05 psu (practical salinity unit). The salinity accuracy depends largely on the distribution of CTD data for any given CTD-SRDL, which decides the quality of adjustment parameters. Adjustments are best when hydrographic profiles are available in the region between the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front and the Antarctic divergence (55oS-62oS latitude range in the Southern Indian Ocean). Several institutes provided funding for the associated programs and the logistics necessary for the fieldwork. The observatory MEMO (Mammifères Echantillonneurs du Milieu Marin), funded by CNRS institutes (INSU and INEE), carried out the French contribution to the study. The project received financial and logistical support from CNES (TOSCA program), the Institut Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV), the Total Foundation and ANR. MEMO is associated with the Coriolis centre, part of the SOERE consortium CTD02 (Coriolis-temps différé Observations Océaniques, PI: G. Reverdin), which distributes real-time and delayed-mode products. The Australian contribution came from the Australian Animal Tracking and Monitoring System, an Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) facility. The work was also supported by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme via the Antarctic Climate & Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre. The University of Tasmania and Macquarie University's Animal Ethics Committees approved the animal handling. Both tagging programs are part of the MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) international consortium - an International Polar Year (IPY) project. |
Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | For around a decade, southern elephant seals (mirounga leonina) have been used to collect hydrographic (temperature and salinity) profiles in the Southern Ocean. Conductivity Temperature Depth Satellite Relayed Data Loggers (CTD-SRDLs) attached to seals' heads in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic locations measure water property profiles during dives and transmit data using the ARGOS (Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite) network (Fedak 2013). CTD-SRDLs are built by the Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU, University of St Andrews, UK); they include miniaturised CTD units made by Valeport Ltd. When seals are foraging at sea 2.5 profiles can be obtained daily, on average. Profiles average 500m depth, but can be 2000m in extreme cases (Boehme et al. 2009, Roquet et al. 2011). Deployment efforts have been very intensive in the Southern Indian Ocean, with biannual campaigns in the Kerguelen Islands since 2004 and many deployments in Davis and Casey Antarctic stations (Roquet et al., 2013) more recently. 207 CTD-SRDL tags have been deployed there, giving about 75,000 hydrographic profiles in the Kerguelen Plateau area. About two thirds of the dataset was obtained between 2011 and 2013 as a consequence of intensive Australian Antarctic station deployments. There is also regular data since 2004 from French and Franco-Australian Kerguelen Island deployments. Hydrographic data available in this dataset were edited using an Argo-inspired procedure and then visually screened by the data originator. Each CTD-SRDL dataset was adjusted using several delayed-mode techniques, including a temperature offset correction and a linear-in-pressure salinity correction described in Roquet et al. (2011). Adjusted hydrographic data have estimated accuracies of about +/-0.03oC in temperature and +/-0.05 in salinity. The salinity accuracy depends largely on the distribution of CTD data for any given CTD-SRDL, which decides the quality of adjustment parameters. Adjustments are best when hydrographic profiles are available in the region between the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front and the Antarctic divergence (55oS-62oS latitude range in the Southern Indian Ocean). Several institutes provided funding for the associated programs and the logistics necessary for the fieldwork. The observatory MEMO (Mammifères Echantillonneurs du Milieu Marin), funded by CNRS institutes (INSU and INEE), carried out the French contribution to the study. The project received financial and logistical support from CNES (TOSCA program), the Institut Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV), the Total Foundation and ANR. MEMO is associated with the Coriolis centre, part of the SOERE consortium CTD02 (Coriolis-temps différé Observations Océaniques, PI: G. Reverdin), which distributes real-time and delayed-mode products. The Australian contribution came from the Australian Animal Tracking and Monitoring System, an Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) facility. The work was also supported by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme via the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre. The University of Tasmania and Macquarie University's Animal Ethics Committees approved the animal handling. Both tagging programs are part of the MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) international consortium - an International Polar Year (IPY) project. The data were published directly and without modification in the Published Data Library by the British Oceanographic Data Centre. Instrument(s) used to collect data: CTD. |
Additional information | This describes relevant references to the data e.g. reports, articles, websites plus other useful information not captured elsewhere. | Publication year: 2009-12-15 Publication title: Technical note: animal-borne CTD-Satellite Relay Data Loggers for real-time oceanographic data collection. Publication authors: Boehme, L., Lovell, P., Biuw, M., Roquet, F., Nicholson, J., Thorpe, S. E., Meredith, M. P. & Fedak, M. Publication editors: Ocean Science, 5, 685-695 (2009) Publication year: 2013-12-28 Publication title: Instrumented elephant seals reveal the seasonality in chlorophyll and light-mixing regime in the iron-fertilized Southern Ocean. Publication authors: Blain, S., Renaut, S., Xing, X., Claustre, H., and Guinet, C. Publication editors: Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 2013GL058065 (2013) Publication year: 2007-08-21 Publication title: Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions Publication authors: Biuw, M., etal Publication editors: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 13705-13710 (2007) Publication year: 2007-11-29 Publication title: Successful foraging zones of southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands in relation to oceanographic conditions Publication authors: Bailleul, F., Charrassin, J.-B., Monestiez, P., Roquet, F., Biuw, M., and Guinet, C. Publication editors: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B: Biological Sciences, 362, 2169-2181 Publication year: 2013-12-16 Publication title: Estimates of the Southern Ocean General Circulation Improved by Animal-Borne Instruments Publication authors: Roquet, F. etal Publication editors: Geophysical Research Letters, 2013GL058304 (2013) Publication year: 2013-02-24 Publication title: Antarctic Bottom Water production by intense sea-ice formation in the Cape Darnley polynya Publication authors: Ohshima, K. I., Fukamachi, Y., Williams, G. D., Nihashi, S., Roquet, F., Kitade, Y., Tamura, T., Hirano, D., Herraiz-Borreguero, L., Field, I., Hindell, M., Aoki, S., and Wakatsuchi, M. Publication editors: Nature Geosci., 6, 235-240 (2013). Publication year: 2013-01-01 Publication title: Calibration procedures and first dataset of Southern Ocean chlorophyll a profiles collected by elephant seals equipped with a newly developed CTD-fluorescence tags Publication authors: Guinet, C., etal Publication editors: Earth System Science Data, 5, 15-29 (2013) Publication year: 2013-04-01 Publication title: The impact of animal platforms on polar ocean observation. Publication authors: Fedak, M. A. Publication editors: Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 88-89, 7-13 (2013) Publication year: 2009-01-01 Publication title: Observations of the Fawn Trough Current over the Kerguelen Plateau from instrumented elephant seals Publication authors: Roquet, F., Park, Y.-H., Guinet, C., Bailleul, F., and Charrassin, J.-B. Publication editors: J. Mar. Syst., 78, 377-393 (2009). Publication year: 2011-06-01 Publication title: Delayed-Mode Calibration of Hydrographic Data Obtained from Animal-Borne Satellite Relay Data Loggers. Publication authors: Roquet, F., Charrassin, J.-B., Marchand, S., Boehme, L., Fedak, M., Reverdin, G., and Guinet, C. Publication editors: J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 28, 787-801 (2011). |
Related keywords | ||
Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Oceanographic geographical features |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | unknown | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Marine Environmental Data and Information Network | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Natural Environment Research Council Designated Data Centres | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Temperature of the water column | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Electrical conductivity of the water column | |
Geographical coverage | ||
North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -40 |
East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 160 |
South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -75 |
West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -5 |
Responsible organisations | ||
Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Individual name | Polly Hadžiabdic | |
Position name | Head of the BODC Requests Team | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Role | The owner is the person or organisation that owns the resource. | owner |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Individual name | Unknown | |
Position name | Unknown | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Individual name | Unknown | |
Position name | Unknown | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Position name | Director | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Role | The distributor is the person or organisation that distributes the resource. | distributor |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Position name | Director | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Resource locators | ||
Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/published_data_library/catalogue/10.5285/f8f4dc5f-2eed-24ef-e044-000b5de50f38/ |
Locator name | Name of the web resource | Published dataset - doi:10.5285/f8f4dc5f-2eed-24ef-e044-000b5de50f38 |
Locator function | Code that describes the function of the resource. ISO function code chosen from ISO 19115-1 Codelist | download |
Dataset constraints | ||
20.1 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
20.2 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | No limitations apply | |
This states any limitations on access to the data. Multiple occurences are allowed here. One entry shall be from the INSPIRE Metadata registry and the other free text should be part of the resource `Have specific limitations`. | Data are freely available | |
21.1 Conditions for Access and Use - Use constraints | This states `otherRestrictions` from ISO vocabulary RestrictionCode and is an INSPIRE/GEMINI requirement. | otherRestrictions |
21.2 Conditions for Access and Use - Other constraints | This states any constraints on use of the data. Multiple conditions can be recorded for different parts of the data resource. If no conditions apply, then `No condtions apply` is recorded. This uses free text. | No conditions apply |
Version info | ||
Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2017-10-03 |
Date of last revision | The most recent date that the resource was revised. | 2015-09-14 |
Date of creation | The date that the resource was created. | 2014-05-07 |
Harvest date | The date which this record has been (re)harvested from the provider. | 2024-04-21 |
Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2021-12-20 |
Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN |
Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 3.1.1 |