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The dataset comprises concentration of gas hydrates beneath the seabed, in the water column and, atmosphere along with the topography of the sea floor. Data were collected in the Arctic Ocean off the NorthWestern coast of Svalbard across the continental margin between 78 and 80 North and 4 and 11 East. The data were collected during cruise JR211 which, over two legs, took place between 23rd August 2008 and 24th September 2008. Geophysical and geological techniques were used to detect methane hydrate beneath the seafloor and to investigate features trough which methane escapes to the seafloor. The seabed was imaged and mapped using a multibeam sonar (Simrad EM120), an echosounder (Simrad EK60), TOBI deep-towed sidescan sonar (30 kHz), widescan sidescan sonar (100 and 350 kHz). The sedimentary layers and geological structures beneath the seabed were imaged with the 7 kHz profiler in TOBI, a TOPAS sub-bottom acoustic profiler and multichannel seismic reflaction (96 channels with 6.25 m group spacing) using two air guns in true GI mode 45/105 cu.in. More accurate information on seismic velocity was obtained by deploying ocean-bottom seismometers on the seabed which contained 3 Sercel L-28 4.5 Hz geophones and a High Tech HTI-90-U hydrophone. Sediment samples were obtained using a piston corer, a gravity corer and, a box corer. Water chemistry was measured from discrete samples taken from bottles attached to the conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor package and continuously from the ship's seawater supply. Methane concentration was measured on-board using a headspace technique. Air samples were collected at 12 hour intervals. Sampling occurred on the Navigation Bridge deck and the side of the ship upwind of the ships emissions was chosen each time. Additional samples were also collected close to the ship's funnel, to check for contamination, and from the gas released by the cores when in an inert atmosphere (N2). Analysis of methane mixing ratio is performed by Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) and the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane is analysed using a continuous flow Gas Chromatography - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-IRMS) system. Almost half of the Earth's carbon is stored in gas hydrates and related shallow gas deposits. Numerical models predict that this reservoir is highly mobile and that escaping gas has a significant potential to accelerate climate change releasing as much as 2000 Gt of methane over a short period of time. As methane is a potent greenhouse gas it would course further global warming. Arctic gas hydrates are most vulnerable to future climate change because (1) it is predicted that temperatures will increase faster in the Arctic than in low latitudes (2) the intercept of the gas hydrate stability zone with the seabed is within the reach of fast warming surface waters and (3) the water column above the vulnerable zone of gas hydrates is smaller than in warmer oceans facilitating more efficient transport of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This information will allow a detailed assessment of the mobility of Arctic gas hydrates and it will significantly decrease the uncertainties involved in climate modelling. The data were collected by the National Oceanographic Centre, Southampton with Professor Tim Minshull as the principal scientist on-board.
British Oceanographic Data Centre
Other details | ||
Internal code | Internally assigned metadata identifier | 8989 |
Title | The title is used to provide a brief and precise description of the dataset such as 'Date', 'Originating organisation/programme', 'Location' and 'Type of survey'. All acronyms and abbreviations should be reproduced in full. | International Polar Year Gas Hydrates Data Set |
Alternative title | The purpose of alternative title is to record any additional names by which the dataset may be known. | British Oceanographic Data Centre record 1048IPY_GAS_HYDRATES |
File Identifier | The File Identifier is a code, preferably a GUID, that is globally unique and remains with the same metadata record even if the record is edited or transferred between portals or tools. | eef3b409c658599bb048521d0d546d7b |
Resource Identifier | This is the code assigned by the data owner. | EDMED4286 |
Resource type | The resource type will likely be a dataset but could also be a series (collection of datasets with a common specification) or a service. | dataset |
Start date | This describes the date the resource starts. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2008-01-01 |
End date | This describes the date the resource ends. This may only be the year if month and day are not known | 2008-12-31 |
Spatial resolution | This describes the spatial resolution of the dataset or the spatial limitations of the service. | inapplicable |
Frequency of updates | This describes the frequency with which the resource is modified or updated i.e. a monitoring programme that samples once per year has a frequency that is described as 'annually'. | asNeeded |
Abstract | The abstract provides a clear and brief statement of the content of the resource. | The dataset comprises concentration of gas hydrates beneath the seabed, in the water column and, atmosphere along with the topography of the sea floor. Data were collected in the Arctic Ocean off the NorthWestern coast of Svalbard across the continental margin between 78 and 80 North and 4 and 11 East. The data were collected during cruise JR211 which, over two legs, took place between 23rd August 2008 and 24th September 2008. Geophysical and geological techniques were used to detect methane hydrate beneath the seafloor and to investigate features trough which methane escapes to the seafloor. The seabed was imaged and mapped using a multibeam sonar (Simrad EM120), an echosounder (Simrad EK60), TOBI deep-towed sidescan sonar (30 kHz), widescan sidescan sonar (100 and 350 kHz). The sedimentary layers and geological structures beneath the seabed were imaged with the 7 kHz profiler in TOBI, a TOPAS sub-bottom acoustic profiler and multichannel seismic reflaction (96 channels with 6.25 m group spacing) using two air guns in true GI mode 45/105 cu.in. More accurate information on seismic velocity was obtained by deploying ocean-bottom seismometers on the seabed which contained 3 Sercel L-28 4.5 Hz geophones and a High Tech HTI-90-U hydrophone. Sediment samples were obtained using a piston corer, a gravity corer and, a box corer. Water chemistry was measured from discrete samples taken from bottles attached to the conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor package and continuously from the ship's seawater supply. Methane concentration was measured on-board using a headspace technique. Air samples were collected at 12 hour intervals. Sampling occurred on the Navigation Bridge deck and the side of the ship upwind of the ships emissions was chosen each time. Additional samples were also collected close to the ship's funnel, to check for contamination, and from the gas released by the cores when in an inert atmosphere (N2). Analysis of methane mixing ratio is performed by Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionisation Detector (GC-FID) and the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane is analysed using a continuous flow Gas Chromatography - Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC-IRMS) system. Almost half of the Earth's carbon is stored in gas hydrates and related shallow gas deposits. Numerical models predict that this reservoir is highly mobile and that escaping gas has a significant potential to accelerate climate change releasing as much as 2000 Gt of methane over a short period of time. As methane is a potent greenhouse gas it would course further global warming. Arctic gas hydrates are most vulnerable to future climate change because (1) it is predicted that temperatures will increase faster in the Arctic than in low latitudes (2) the intercept of the gas hydrate stability zone with the seabed is within the reach of fast warming surface waters and (3) the water column above the vulnerable zone of gas hydrates is smaller than in warmer oceans facilitating more efficient transport of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This information will allow a detailed assessment of the mobility of Arctic gas hydrates and it will significantly decrease the uncertainties involved in climate modelling. The data were collected by the National Oceanographic Centre, Southampton with Professor Tim Minshull as the principal scientist on-board. |
Lineage | Lineage includes the background information, history of the sources of data, data quality statements and methods. | This dataset was created by the organisations with the "originator" role in this metadata record following their in-house data processing and quality control procedures. The data were then provided to the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) for ingestion into one of the schemas of the National Oceanographic Database (NODB). During ingestion BODC undertake quality control, documentation and metadata enhancement procedures appropriate to the type of data. For an overview please see http://www.bodc.ac.uk/about/information_technology/data_processing_steps/. BODC supply full information about data collection, data processing and data quality with all data requests to enable users to assess data suitability themselves. Instrument(s) used to collect data: thermosalinographs; sidescan sonars; single-beam echosounders; multi-beam echosounders; discrete water samplers; 1000 Hz top-bandwidth multi-channel seismic reflection systems; seismometers; hydrophones; unconsolidated sediment corers; GI-gun; gas chromatographs; inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometers; Differential Global Positioning System receivers; CTD; discrete air samplers. |
Related keywords | ||
Keyword | General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | unknown |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Air temperature | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Temperature variation in the water column | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Active seismic refraction | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Side-scan sonar | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Horizontal spatial co-ordinates | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediment samples | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Salinity of the water column | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Concentration of alkanes in the atmosphere | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Concentration of alkanes in the water column | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Seismic reflection | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Solar Radiation | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Bathymetry and Elevation | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Wind strength and direction | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Air pressure | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Electrical conductivity of the water column | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Elevation | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Geographical grid systems | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Land cover | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Hydrography | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Oceanographic geographical features | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Geology | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Energy resources | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Atmospheric conditions | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Meteorological geographical features | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Natural Environment Research Council Designated Data Centres | |
General subject area(s) associated with the resource, uses multiple controlled vocabularies | Marine Environmental Data and Information Network | |
Geographical coverage | ||
North | The northern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 80 |
East | The eastern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | 11 |
South | The southern-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -78 |
West | The western-most limit of the data resource in decimal degrees | -4 |
Responsible organisations | ||
Role | The point of contact is person or organisation with responsibility for the creation and maintenance of the metadata for the resource. | pointOfContact |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Individual name | Polly HadÅžiabdic | |
Position name | Head of the BODC Requests Team | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Role | The owner is the person or organisation that owns the resource. | owner |
Organisation name | National Oceanography Centre (Southampton) | |
Individual name | Unknown | |
Position name | Unknown | |
Delivery point | University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way | |
Postal code | SO14 3ZH | |
City | Southampton | |
Administrative area | Hampshire | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | http://noc.ac.uk | |
Role | The originator is the person or organisation who created, collected or produced the resource. | originator |
Organisation name | National Oceanography Centre (Southampton) | |
Individual name | Unknown | |
Position name | Unknown | |
Delivery point | University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way | |
Postal code | SO14 3ZH | |
City | Southampton | |
Administrative area | Hampshire | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | http://noc.ac.uk | |
Role | The custodian is the person or organisation that accepts responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance. If a dataset has been lodged with a Data Archive Centre for maintenance then this organisation is be entered here. | custodian |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Position name | Director | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Role | The distributor is the person or organisation that distributes the resource. | distributor |
Organisation name | British Oceanographic Data Centre | |
Position name | Director | |
Delivery point | Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street | |
Postal code | L3 5DA | |
City | Liverpool | |
Administrative area | Merseyside | |
Country | United Kingdom | |
URL | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/ | |
Resource locators | ||
Locator URL | Web address (URL) that links to the resource | https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/bodc_database/nodb/data_collection/4286/ |
Locator name | Name of the web resource | BODC online data delivery service |
Locator function | Code that describes the function of the resource. ISO function code chosen from ISO 19115-1 Codelist | order |
Dataset constraints | ||
20.1 Limitations on Public Access - Access constraints | Any restrictions imposed on accessing the resource such as the need to agree to certain licence conditions. | otherRestrictions |
20.2 Limitations on Public Access - Other constraints | http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/NoLimitations | |
Data are freely available for teaching and research, providing due acknowledgment in any publication produced, following agreement to the terms and conditions of the British Oceanographic Data Centre Data Licence. The licence terms and conditions are available via https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/documents/nodb/267795/ | ||
21.1 Conditions for Access and Use - Use constraints | Any restrictions imposed on accessing the resource such as the need to agree to certain licence conditions. | otherRestrictions |
21.2 Conditions for Access and Use - Other constraints | Usage restrictions are specified in the terms of the licence | |
Version info | ||
Date of publication | The publication date of the resource or if previously unpublished the date that the resource was made publicly available via the MEDIN network. | 2017-10-03 |
Date of last revision | The most recent date that the resource was revised. | 2017-03-30 |
Date of creation | The date that the resource was created. | 2013-03-22 |
Metadata date | The date when the content of this metadata record was last updated. | 2021-12-20 |
Metadata standard name | The name of the metadata standard used to create this metadata | MEDIN |
Metadata standard version | The version of the MEDIN Discovery Metadata Standard used to create the metadata record | 3.1.1 |
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